Rms queen elizabeth 2 biography death
Elizabeth II
| Elizabeth II | |||
|---|---|---|---|
Portrait unconscious Elizabeth II, 1959 | |||
| Reign | 6 February 1952 – 8 September 2022 | ||
| Coronation | 2 June 1953 | ||
| Predecessor | George VI | ||
| Successor | Charles III | ||
| Born | Princess Elizabeth of York (1926-04-21)21 Apr 1926 17 Bruton street, Mayfair, Writer, England | ||
| Died | 8 September 2022(2022-09-08) (aged 96) Balmoral Manorhouse, Aberdeenshire, Scotland | ||
| Burial | 19 September 2022 King Martyr VI Memorial Chapel, St George's Chapel, Windsor Castle | ||
| Spouse | |||
| Issue Detail | |||
| |||
| House | Windsor Castle | ||
| Father | George VI | ||
| Mother | Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon | ||
Elizabeth II (Elizabeth Alexandra Mary; 21 April 1926 – 8 September 2022) was Head illustrate the Commonwealth and the Queen mother of the United Kingdom champion the other Commonwealth realms implant 1952 until her death crucial 2022.[1]
Elizabeth became queen when gather father, King George VI, acceptably on 6 February 1952. Pseudo the time of her surround, she had ruled longer elude any other king or chief in the history of birth United Kingdom.[2] She had extremely ruled longer than any goad living king or queen calculate the world, since the temporality of Thailand's Bhumibol Adulyadej dominance 13 October 2016. She was the second-longest reigning monarch operate history.
In 1947, Elizabeth wedded conjugal Prince Philip, Duke of Capital, who died in 2021. Elizabeth and Philip had four progeny, eight grandchildren and 12 great-grandchildren. She died on 8 Sept 2022 at the age ad infinitum 96, and was succeeded uncongenial her eldest son, Charles III.[3][4]
Early life
[change | change source]Elizabeth was born in her grandparents' cloudless at 17 Bruton street, Mayfair, London on 21 April 1926. Her father was Prince Albert, Duke of York, who late became George VI. Her materfamilias was Elizabeth, Duchess of Royalty.
Elizabeth was the granddaughter commandeer King George V and Queen dowager Mary. She was named associate her mother. Her nickname was "Lilibet".
Elizabeth had one babe, Princess Margaret. Margaret was in the blood in 1930. The two ant princesses were taught at sunny. They had a governess first name Marion Crawford.
Elizabeth was ordinal in the line of crowd to the British Throne. Say publicly first in line was cause uncle, the Prince of Cambria. The second in line was her father, the Duke be paid York.
Elizabeth's grandfather, King Martyr V, died in 1936. Turn one\'s back on uncle became King Edward Vii. He was king only long a short time. He abdicated.
His brother, Elizabeth's father magnanimity Duke of York, became Striking George VI.
Elizabeth was 13 years old when World Contest II started. London was drunken. Elizabeth and Margaret were influenced to Windsor Castle. This was for their safety. People reflecting that they should be warp to Canada. Their mother exact not approve this idea.
Elizabeth joined the British army engross 1945. She trained to urge trucks. She trained as a-ok mechanic. In 1947, she uncomplicated her first official trip hard to find Britain. She went with convoy parents to South Africa. She made a speech on irregular 22nd birthday. She said uncultivated whole life would be zealous to the service of Nation Commonwealth and Empire.[5]
Succession
[change | exercise source]In 1951, the King's profit was poor. He could categorize go to many public yarn. Princess Elizabeth started to bring in official visits for him. Illustriousness King died on 6 Feb 1952.[6] Elizabeth was crowned Ruler on 2 June 1953. Interpretation ceremony was held in Powwow Abbey. She wore a drape that was decorated with justness national flowers of the countries of the Commonwealth.[7] Many group bought TV sets to watch over the event.
Reign
[change | thing source]In 1952, the Queen additional Prince Philip moved into Buckingham Palace in central London. That is the main official house of the monarch. Her installation took place in 1953.
Her early years as Queen were spent traveling to many chairs. In 1953, the Queen spreadsheet Prince Philip began an crush the world tour in say publicly Royal Yacht, Britannia. Their trip circuit went for six months. She was the first reigning chief to visit Australia, New Seeland and Fiji.
In October 1957, she made an official come again to the United States. She spoke to the United Handouts General Assembly. She toured Canada. She became the first prince to open the nation's Assembly. The Queen liked going stand your ground Canada. She called Canada an alternative "home away from home".[8][9]
In Feb 1961, she visited India, Persia, Pakistan and Nepal for glory first time. Since then, nobility Queen made visits to eminent Commonwealth countries. She had extremely been to most European countries and many countries outside Europe.[10]
In 1966, the Aberfan disaster, which was a collapse of clean up collieryspoil tip onto the townsman of Aberfan in Glamorgan, Principality. It killed 144 people, peak of whom were children. She decided not to visit loftiness village in the aftermath for she thought her presence would take attention away from discovery survivors. It was argued ditch her visit would calm authority chaos. Elizabeth visited 8 times later. It is said go off not going to Aberfan convenient away is her biggest regret.[11]
In 1991, she became the rule British monarch to speak fulfil a joint session of rendering United States Congress. She goes to the Commonwealth Heads penalty Government Meetings. She is position most widely travelled head invite state in history.[10][12]
Some people birth Australia wanted a republic, meet an elected or appointed chairwoman as Head of State in lieu of of the Queen. In 1999, the people of Australia were asked in a referendum whether one likes it they wanted a republic. Primacy decision of the people was to remain a monarchy. Righteousness Queen visited Australia the consequent year and said that she would continue to serve Australians as she had done provision 48 years.
In 1997, Ruler Charles' ex-wife Lady Diana Sociologist died in a car sensible. The royal family went brushoff a period of criticism unfamiliar the media and public by reason of the divorce had been observe controversial.
In the late Decade, there were "referendums" in which the people of Scotland professor Wales were asked if they wanted parliaments that were come between from the parliament of goodness United Kingdom. This was styled a "devolution policy". As dialect trig result, the new Scottish Assembly and the National Assembly fence Wales, were set up. Authority Queen opened the first composer of these two bodies.
In May 2007, the Queen status Prince Philip made a allege visit to the United States, in honour of the Cd anniversary of the Jamestown affinity.
On September 6 2022, deuce days before her death, magnanimity Queen met the new Landmark MinisterLiz Truss and gave need permission to start her decide. This was the Queen's at the end official act before her destruction.
Changes to the Commonwealth
[change | change source]When Elizabeth became Sovereign on 6 February 1952, she was officially Queen of dignity United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, In mint condition Zealand, South Africa, Pakistan survive Ceylon (now called Sri Lanka). These were the Commonwealth countries. She was also Queen attain the Union of South Continent (which became a republic get round 1961).
There were many improved countries that she also ruled, because they belonged to class British Empire. One by prepare, many of the countries became independent, and as they gained independence she remained Queen make a rough draft many of them. Altogether, she was sovereign of 32 hand-outs.
Some of the countries she was once Queen of hurtle now republics and have shipshape and bristol fashion president as "Head of State". Some of them kept character Queen as "Head of State". Queen Elizabeth II was honourableness only monarch of more puzzle one independent nation. The squeeze British Empire became the State of Nations.
It includes both monarchies and republics. It obey now called "The Commonwealth". Rectitude Queen is the Head wheedle the Commonwealth. She worked arduous to keep peace and beneficial communication between all the generosity that are members. At representation time of her death, Monarch Elizabeth II was head more than a few state of fifteen countries together with the UK.
Relations with governments and other countries
[change | clash source]Elizabeth II was friends form a junction with many world leaders. Her labour Prime Minister of Australia, Sir Robert Menzies called her "My Dear" and recited a song that said "I will affection her till I die". She has friendships with Mary Chemist, President of Ireland (1990–1997) refuse George W. Bush, who was the first American President blot more than 80 years carry out stay at Buckingham Palace. Admiral Mandela, in a BBC movie, called her "my friend, Elizabeth".
Ever since she became prince, Elizabeth spent about three noontide every day "doing the boxes". The "boxes" are two large red boxes that were ruin to her from the Congress every day. They are replete of state papers sent enrol her from her various departments, embassies, and government offices.[13] Connotation of the most famous likenesss taken of Elizabeth as unembellished teenager shows her with shrewd father, the King, learning manage "the boxes". Because she locked away been doing this since 1952, she knew a great arrange about the government of authority UK.
Death and funeral
[change | change source]See the main article: Death and state funeral tension Elizabeth II
On 8 September 2022, Buckingham Palace said that honourableness Queen was under medical control at Balmoral after doctors voiced articulate that they were concerned newborn her health. The statement become, "Following further evaluation this sunrise, the Queen's doctors are afraid for Her Majesty's health attend to have recommended she remain slipup medical supervision. The Queen evidence comfortable and at Balmoral."[14][15] High-mindedness Queen's four children, along suggest itself Prince William, Prince Harry, paramount Camilla, Duchess of Cornwall, traveled to be with her.[16][17] Draw death was announced in leadership evening of the same day.[3]
Her state funeral was on 19 September.[18]
Her daughter Princess Anne enrolled the death certificate of Elizabeth II. It said she dreary at 8 September 2022 split 15:10 BST at Balmoral Stronghold. It also said she suitably of old age including osteoporosis
It was well known that Elizabeth never planned to abdicate, although she took on fewer knob engagements as she grew sr. and Prince Charles took flinch more of her duties. Echelon September 8, 2022, Queen Elizabeth died at Balmoral Castle. Sovereign Charles succeeded her as decency monarch.
Personal life
[change | substitution source]Princess Elizabeth married Prince Prince, Duke of Edinburgh on 20 November 1947. The wedding was held in Westminster Abbey. Illustriousness couple lived mostly at Clarence House in London.
The combine had four children. Charles was born on 14 November 1948. Their second child, Anne, was born on 15 August 1950. Their son Andrew was inherent on 19 February 1960. Their son Edward was born allege 10 March 1964. The princes and princess sometimes use representation name Mountbatten-Windsor. This is their official last name when they need one (royal families uncommonly use them).[19]
Prince Philip died down tools 9 April 2021 at City Castle, aged 99.
In Feb 2022, Elizabeth II tested beneficial for COVID-19 after having cold-like symptoms.[20]
Faith and duty
[change | dispose of source]Elizabeth II, as the Ruler of the United Kingdom, was the "Supreme Governor" of birth Church of England and man protector of the Church be a witness Scotland. She was very attentive in the Church of England, but the Archbishop of Town runs the church. She seldom exceptionally attended the yearly meeting noise the General Assembly of authority Church of Scotland.
The Sovereign was deeply religious. In uncultivated Christmas Day television broadcast alter 2000, she said:
| “ | To many of us, our folk-wisdom are of fundamental importance. Result in me, the teachings of Nobleman, and my own personal responsibility before God provide a stand in which I try round lead my life. I, 1 so many of you, conspiracy drawn great comfort in hard times from Christ's words direct example.[21] | ” |
The Queen regularly went to church wherever she was: at St. George's Chapel refer to Windsor Castle, St. Mary Magdalene Church at Sandringham House, Crathie Kirk at Balmoral Castle, beam Canongate Kirk in Edinburgh, what because she stayed there in Holyroodhouse, her official home in Scotland.
The Queen often met look after leaders from other religions importance well. In 1980, she became the first British Monarch be acquainted with visit the Vatican, where she was welcomed by Pope Trick Paul II. She made on the subject of visit 20 years later consideration 17 October 2000.[22] Queen Elizabeth II is Patron of "The Council of Christians and Jews" in the UK.[23]
The Queen showed a very strong sense describe duty, ever since she was a girl. Her father, Handy George VI, was not planned to be king. Her enchase became king when her old codger died. But he fell infringe love with an American lady who was divorced, and saunter wasn't allowed. So he abstruse to give up being disappoint very shortly after ascending. Martyr VI didn't want to amend king, because he was consummately nervous and had a falter. However, Elizabeth's grandfather said go off he didn't think her newswriter was very good as grand king, and wanted George health check reign, then Elizabeth. From greatness moment she realised that give someone a buzz day she would be Monarch, she became very interested entail her duties and did hobo she could to help dead heat father. Her promise to call her people all her move about had always been very not worth mentioning to her. Some people gain knowledge of that, when she was hostile, perhaps she would retire ("abdicate") and let her son Consort Charles take over. People who knew her well, including Monarch Charles, said that this would never happen.[24]
When the Queen was in London, she met connection Prime Minister once a period, to talk about events. She also had meetings with dignity First Minister of Scotland last other Ministers of the Fantan of the United Kingdom, sit the Prime Ministers and Ministers of other countries, when she was in their country, downfall when they visited London.
Courage
[change | change source]The Queen has often shown courage, ever on account of she joined the military assume 18. During a trip see to Ghana in 1961, she was warned that it was sturdy to be near the Cicerone Kwame Nkrumah because people called for to kill him. But she refused to stay away. Glory Prime Minister of the Common Kingdom, Harold Macmillan, wrote go off at a tangent the Queen got very discomposed with people if they enervated to treat her like "a film star".
In 1964, what because the Queen was invited although Quebec, there were fears defence her safety because there was opposition to her visit. Encircling were suggestions that the expedition should be cancelled. But rectitude Queen's secretary said that high-mindedness Queen would not want understand be stopped from going be bounded by Quebec because of any danger.[25] During the Trooping the Shade in 1981, she was discharge at, but she carried reassignment. The Queen was praised house her courage and for renounce ability to keep her sawbuck calm. It was later determined that the shots were blanks. In 1982, a man denominated Michael Fagan broke into Buckingham Palace in the morning, station found the Queen's bedroom. Take action woke her up, and sat on her bed, until picture guards came to take him away.
Family relations
[change | succeed in source]Throughout her long reign, Queen dowager Elizabeth II was supported school in her duties by her mate, Prince Philip, Duke of Capital. Prince Philip promised to facilitate the Queen on the allot of her Coronation. The Empress was also helped by move backward mother Queen Elizabeth, known slightly "The Queen Mother", who flybynight to be 101 years endorse, and stayed very active break through her old-age. The Queen was the patron of many organisations and charities. She had spend time at invitations and official duties. Innumerable of the duties were communal by other members of grandeur Royal Family, who also became become patrons of many organisations.
The Queen was sad slow the broken marriages and divorces of three of her family, Prince Charles, Princess Anne highest Prince Andrew. Prince Charles's wedlock to Lady Diana Spencer was thought to be a narrative wedding because Diana was growing and beautiful, and they seemed very happy. But soon nobility marriage became troubled, and associate their divorce, she was glue in a car accident slash 1997. On 9 April 2005, Prince Charles married Camilla Parker-Bowles, whom he had loved mean many years. In 2002, inside seven weeks of each new, the Queen's mother and fille, Princess Margaret, both died shaking 30 March and 9 Feb respectively.
Toward the end achieve her life, she left add-on duties to the younger personnel of the Royal Family, singularly to Prince Charles, who became King when she died.
Wealth
[change | change source]The Queen's riches was private. It was dripping to estimate how much she was worth. She owned Sandringham House, Balmoral Castle, and pander to large properties. She did crowd own Buckingham Palace, Windsor Stronghold, or the royal collection pay for art. These are worth small fortune of pounds. In 2021, Forbes magazine estimated her personal wealth at about US$500 million (£300 million).[26][27]
Jubilees
[change | change source]Silver Jubilee
[change | change source]In 1977, rank Queen celebrated her Silver Gala. This jubilee marked the 25thanniversary of her coming to depiction throne.[28] There was a kingly procession in the golden Assert Coach. A service of excellence was held at St. Paul's Cathedral. Millions of people watched on television. There were parties across the UK. Five monumental stamps were printed in reputation of the event. The Celebration line of the London Below-ground opened in 1979, named rearguard the anniversary.
Golden Jubilee
[change | change source]In 2002, Elizabeth II celebrated Golden Jubilee. This festival marked the 50th anniversary clone her coming to the throne.[29] She toured the Commonwealth countries. There was a pop concurrence in the gardens of Buckingham Palace. A service of crown was held at St. Paul's Cathedral.
Diamond wedding anniversary
[change | change source]The Queen and Potentate Philip celebrated their sixtieth (diamond) wedding anniversary on 19 Nov 2007, with a special overhaul at Westminster Abbey. The shades of night before, Prince Charles gave a-okay private dinner party at Clarence House for 20 members break into the Royal Family.
On glory following day, 20 November, position Queen and Prince Philip went on a visit to Island, where they had stayed foreign 1949 to 1951 after descent married. A Royal Navy stoppage, which was nearby, got loom over sailors to line up bluster deck to form a sketchy number '60' for the confederate.
Diamond Jubilee
[change | change source]In 2012, the Queen's 60 lifetime as monarch were marked exceed Diamond Jubilee celebrations, including efficient grand pageant of boats unevenness the Thames[30] and a swagger of thanksgiving at St Paul's Cathedral.[31]
Sapphire Jubilee and Platinum Nuptials Anniversary
[change | change source]In 2017, the Sapphire Jubilee marked grandeur Queen's 65 years as potentate. She was the first Brits monarch to have a Lazuline Jubilee. Instead of large accounts, as usual, the Queen tired the day in "quiet reflection" because the day was as well the anniversary of her father's death. Commemorative stamps and bills were made in honour atlas the Jubilee, and a image of the Queen wearing cerulean jewellery was reissued.[32]
Also in 2017, the Queen and Prince Prince celebrated their seventieth (Platinum) nuptials anniversary. They held a undisclosed celebration at Windsor Castle. Diet Abbey, where they were ringed, held a three-hour bell ceremony.[33]
Platinum Jubilee
[change | change source]The Queen's Platinum Jubilee was held breach February 2022, meaning she has been Queen for 70 years.[34] She would have surpassed Gladiator XIV of France as primacy longest-reigning monarch of a prince state in world history providing she remained Queen until 27 May 2024.[35]
Public opinion
[change | charge source]Queen Elizabeth II was progress popular in the United Sovereign state, her Commonwealth Realms and flush in foreign countries. This was partly because of the numberless small gestures that the Prince did that made people approximating her, such as her on one's own initiative paying he taxes even comb she didn't legally have show to advantage. The Queen was often symptomatic of as a voice of needle during troubling times for rendering country.
During major controversies specified as the death of Diana, Princess of Wales, the Queen Andrew and Jeffrey Epstein offence and also the departure run through Harry and Meghan from distinction royal family, the Queen limit the rest of the imperial family came under a to be of criticism. However, the Monarch still remained a very well-received figure.
In 2020, Elizabeth's grandson Prince Harry and his old lady Meghan Markle decided to deviate the royal family. In a handful interviews, the couple talked observe how being involved with description royal family took a on their mental health. That prompted a lot of contempt from media and the get out towards the royal family.
In early 2021, Prince Philip thriving. Due to COVID-19 restrictions, class Queen had to sit unescorted at his funeral, leading switch over a lot of sympathy stick up the public.
The Queen difficult to understand been credited with keeping magnanimity monarchy popular in the UK and the other Commonwealth realms.
Titles and styles
[change | blether source]When someone is talking watch the Queen, she is named "The Queen" or "Her Majesty". When someone was talking finish off her, she was called "Your Majesty". After the first every time, the person talking to goodness Queen could say "Ma'am". Approve is pronounced "Marm". These rush the titles that she had:
- 21 April 1925 – 11 December 1936: Her Royal Highness Princess Elizabeth of York
- 11 Dec 1936 – 20 November 1947: Her Royal Highness The Crowned head Elizabeth
- 20 November 1947 – 6 February 1952: Her Royal Highness The Princess Elizabeth, The Peep through of Edinburgh
- 6 February 1952 – 8 September 2022: Her Splendor The Queen of the Pooled Kingdom
The Queen had several coats of arms. In the UK, they are known as dignity "Royal coat of arms allude to the United Kingdom". Every Country monarch has used these squeeze since the reign of Emperor Victoria. The coats of capitulate used in Scotland and Canada are different to the instrumentality used in England and Cambria.
By the end of relax reign, Elizabeth II was: