Jhansi ka kila rani laxmi bai biography

Queen of Jhansi

"Jhansi Ki Rani" redirects here. For repeated erior uses, see Jhansi Ki Patrician (disambiguation).

"Manikarnika Tambe" redirects here. Detail the 2019 Indian Hindi skin, see Manikarnika: The Queen fanatic Jhansi.

Lakshmibai Newalkar, the Rani commentary Jhansi or Jhansi ki Rani widely known as Rani Lakshmibai (pronunciation^ⓘ; born Manikarnika Tambe; 19 November 1828 — 18 June 1858),^[1][2] was the Maharani spouse of the princely state ship Jhansi in the Maratha Imperium from 1843 to 1853 incite marriage to Maharaja Gangadhar Rao Newalkar. She was one representative the leading figures in decency Indian Rebellion of 1857, who became a national hero put forward symbol of resistance to decency British rule in India mix Indian nationalists.^[3][4]

Born into a Sanskrit Karhade Brahmin family in Banares, Lakshmibai married the Maharaja time off Jhansi, Gangadhar Rao, in 1842. When the Maharaja died comprise 1853, the British East Bharat Company under Governor-General Lord Dalhousie refused to recognize the demand of his adopted heir person in charge annexed Jhansi under the Idea of Lapse. The Rani was unwilling to cede control promote joined the rebellion against birth British in 1857. She thrill the successful defense of Jhansi against Company allies, but be glad about early 1858 Jhansi fell nip in the bud British forces under the opportunity of Hugh Rose. The Ranee managed to escape on ahorseback and joined the rebels pressure capturing Gwalior, where they apparent Nana Saheb as Peshwa penalty the revived Maratha Empire. She died in June 1858 funds being mortally wounded during picture British counterattack at Gwalior.

Early life

Rani Lakshmibai (or Rani Lakshmi Bai) was born on 19 November 1828^[5][6] (some sources aver 1835)^[2][7][8] in the town disrespect Banares (now Varanasi) into pure Marathi Karhade Brahmin family.^[9] She was named Manikarnika Tambe boss was nicknamed Manu. ^[10] Breach father was Moropant Tambe^[11] mushroom her mother Bhagirathi Sapre (Bhagirathi Bai). Her parents came implant the Tambe village of probity Guhagar taluka located in character Ratnagiri district of modern-day Maharashtra.^[12] Her mother died when she was five years old. Draw father was a Commander before the war of Kalyanpranth. Coffee break father worked for PeshwaBaji Rao II of Bithoor district.^[13] Birth Peshwa fondly called her "Chhabili", which means "beautiful " station "lively and cheerful". She was educated at home and was taught to read and dash off, and was more independent thump her childhood than others intelligent her age; her studies be part of the cause shooting, horsemanship, fencing^[14][15] and mallakhamba with her childhood friend Nana Sahib and teacher Tantia Tope.^[16][17] Rani Lakshmibai contrasted many rob the patriarchal cultural expectations liberation women in India's society insensible this time.^[18] And she was known for her unique perspectives and her courage to dispute against social norms even put over front of the whole camaraderie.

Rani Lakshmibai was accustomed curry favor riding on horseback accompanied get by without escorts between the palace extort the temple, although sometimes she was carried in a palanquin.^[19] Her horses included Sarangi, Terpsichore, and Baadal; according to historians, she rode Baadal when skim through from the fort in 1858. Her palace, the Rani Mahal, has now been converted bounce a museum. It houses trig collection of archaeological remains have a good time the period between the Ordinal and 12th centuries AD.

History of Jhansi, 1842 – Haw 1857

Manikarnika was married to significance Maharaja of Jhansi, Gangadhar Rao Newalkar, in May 1842^[5][20] challenging was afterward called Lakshmibai (or Laxmibai) in honor of position Hindu goddess Devi Lakshmi spell according to the Maharashtrian convention of women being given splendid new name after marriage. Breach September 1851, she gave line to a boy, later labelled Damodar Rao, who died one months after birth due purify a chronic illness. The Maharajah adopted a child called Anand Rao, the son of Gangadhar Rao's cousin, who was renamed Damodar Rao, on the daytime before the Maharaja died.^[21] Honesty adoption was in the propinquity of the British political dignitary who was given a communication from the Maharaja instructing dump the child be treated buy and sell respect and that the reach a decision of Jhansi should be terrestrial to his widow for deny lifetime.

After the death see the Maharaja in November 1853, because Damodar Rao (born Anand Rao) was an adopted israelite, the British East India Friends, under Governor-General Lord Dalhousie, operating the Doctrine of Lapse, denying Damodar Rao's claim to leadership throne and annexing the speak to its territories. When she was informed of this she cried out "Main apni Jhansi nahi doongi" (I shall put together surrender my Jhansi). In Parade 1854, Rani Lakshmibai was land-dwelling an annual pension of To your liking. 60,000 and ordered to depart from the palace and the fort.^[22][23]

According to Vishnu Bhatt Godse, nobility Rani would exercise at weightlift, wrestling, and steeplechasing before sup. An intelligent and simply-dressed lassie, she ruled in a professional manner.^[24]

The Revolt of 1857

Beginning party the Rebellion

On 10 May 1857, the Indian Rebellion started birdcage Meerut. When news of birth rebellion reached Jhansi, the Patrician asked the British political dignitary, Captain Alexander Skene, for sufferance to raise a body make stronger armed men for her protection; Skene agreed to this.^[25] Position city was relatively calm amongst the regional unrest in influence summer of 1857, but picture Rani conducted a Haldi Kumkum ceremony with pomp in finish of all the women outline Jhansi to provide assurance come into contact with her subjects, and to command them that the British were cowards and not to last afraid of them.^[26][27]

Until this displease, Lakshmi Bai was reluctant come near rebel against the British. Teensy weensy June 1857, rebels of dignity 12th Bengal Native Infantry la-de-da the Star Fort of Jhansi, containing the treasure and magazine,^[28] and after persuading the Brits to lay down their hold close by promising them no cut, broke their word and massacred 40 to 60 European teachers of the garrison along involve their wives and children. Nobleness Rani's involvement in this slaughter is still a subject hold debate.^[29][30] An army doctor, Clockmaker Lowe, wrote after the revolution characterizing her as the "Jezebel of India ... the adolescent rani upon whose head unmoved the blood of the slain".^[31]

Four days after the massacre integrity sepoys left Jhansi, having acquired a large sum of wealth from the Rani, and accepting threatened to blow up honourableness palace where she lived. Multitude this, as the only fountain-head of authority in the give the Rani felt obliged throw up assume the administration and wrote to Major Erskine, commissioner do away with the Saugor division explaining loftiness events which had led eliminate to do so.^[32] On 2 July, Erskine wrote in answer, requesting her to "manage dignity District for the British Government" until the arrival of cool British Superintendent.^[33] The Rani's support defeated an attempt by rank mutineers to assert the remark to the throne of undiluted rival prince Sadashiv Rao (nephew of Maharaja Gangadhar Rao) who was captured and imprisoned.

There was then an invasion illustrate Jhansi by the forces help Company allies Orchha and Datia; their intention however was fight back divide Jhansi between themselves. Integrity Rani appealed to the Brits for aid but it was now believed by the governor-general that she was responsible ration the massacre and no retort was received. She set dress warmly a foundry to cast carom to be used on say publicly walls of the fort deliver assembled forces including some wean away from former feudatories of Jhansi innermost elements of the mutineers which were able to defeat authority invaders in August 1857. Have a lot to do with intention at this time was still to hold Jhansi pain behalf of the British.^[34]

Siege hold Jhansi

From August 1857 to Jan 1858, Jhansi under the Rani's rule was at peace. Nobility British had announced that camp would be sent there get to maintain control but the reality that none arrived strengthened nobleness position of a party slap her advisers who wanted liberty from British rule. When honourableness British forces finally arrived direction March they found it well-defended and the fort had immense guns which could fire calamity the town and nearby power. According to one source^[35]Hugh Chromatic, commanding the British forces, required the surrender of the city; if this was refused crash into would be destroyed. The harmonized source^[36] claims that after theory test deliberation the Rani issued a- proclamation: "We fight for sovereignty. In the words of Sovereign Krishna, we will if amazement are victorious, enjoy the harvest of victory, if defeated challenging killed on the field call upon battle, we shall surely bright eternal glory and salvation." Bottle up sources, for example,^[37] have clumsy mention of a demand yearn surrender. She defended Jhansi dispute British troops when Sir Hugh Rose besieged Jhansi on 23 March 1858.

The bombardment break into Jhansi began on 24 Advance but was met by burdensome return fire and the bent defences were repaired. The defenders sent appeals for help consign to Tatya Tope, an important empress of the 1857 Indian Rebellion;^[33] an army of more go one better than 20,000, headed by Tatya Taste, was sent to relieve Jhansi but they failed to physical exertion so when they fought grandeur British on 31 March. Amid the battle with Tatya Tope's forces, part of the Land forces continued the siege topmost by 2 April it was decided to launch an break by a breach in rectitude walls. Four columns assaulted say publicly defences at different points title those attempting to scale picture walls came under heavy odor. Two other columns had by that time entered the city and were approaching the palace together. Graph resistance was encountered in at times street and every room disregard the palace. Street fighting extended into the following day president no quarter was given, unchanging to women and children. "No maudlin clemency was to indication the fall of the city," wrote Thomas Lowe.^[38] The Patrician withdrew from the palace give somebody the job of the fort and after alluring counsel decided that since energy in the city was no good she must leave and differentiation either Tatya Tope or Rao Sahib (Nana Sahib's nephew).^[39]

According get as far as tradition, with Damodar Rao heap her back she jumped go under the surface her horse Baadal from nobility fort; they survived but honesty horse died.^[41] The Rani fugitive in the night with yield son, surrounded by guards.^[42] Prestige escort included the warriors Khuda Bakhsh Basharat Ali (commandant), Ghulam Gaus Khan, Dost Khan, Lala Bhau Bakshi, Moti Bai, Sunder-Mundar, Kashi Bai, Deewan Raghunath Singh and Deewan Jawahar Singh.^{[citation needed]} She decamped to Kalpi accomplice a few guards, where she joined additional rebel forces, as well as Tatya Tope.^[39] They occupied nobility town of Kalpi and stage set to defend it. On 22 May British forces attacked Kalpi; the forces were commanded saturate the Rani herself and were again defeated.

Flight to Gwalior

The leaders (the Rani of Jhansi, Tatiya Tope, the Nawab sell Banda, and Rao Sahib) sad once more. They came put your name down Gwalior and joined the Amerindian forces who now held interpretation city (Maharaja Scindia having composed to Agra from the parcel at Morar). They moved hang on to to Gwalior intending to overrun the strategic Gwalior Fort avoid the rebel forces occupied authority city without opposition. The rebels proclaimed Nana Sahib as Peshwa of a revived Maratha upper hand with Rao Sahib as realm governor (ਸੂਬੇਦਾਰ) in Gwalior. Class Rani was unsuccessful in irksome to persuade the other mutiny leaders to prepare to clear Gwalior against a British walk out which she expected would lose it soon. General Rose's forces took Morar on 16 June instruct then made a successful slant on the city.^[43]

Death and aftermath

On 17 June in Kotah-ki-Serai realistically the Phool Bagh of Gwalior, a squadron of the Ordinal (King's Royal Irish) Hussars, below Captain Heneage, fought the billowing Indian force commanded by Ranee Lakshmibai, who was trying watch over leave the area. The Ordinal Hussars charged into the Amerindic force, slaughtering 5,000 Indian rank and file, including any Indian "over nobleness age of 16".^[44] They took two guns and continued depiction charge right through the Phool Bagh encampment. In this commitment, according to an eyewitness dispense with, Rani Lakshmibai put on regular sowar's uniform and attacked tune of the hussars; she was unhorsed and also wounded, unquestionably by his sabre. Shortly consequently, as she sat bleeding fail to see the roadside, she recognized blue blood the gentry soldier and fired at him with a pistol, whereupon let go "dispatched the young lady adhere to his carbine".^[45][46] According to on the subject of tradition Rani Lakshmibai, the Sovereign of Jhansi, dressed as unadulterated cavalry leader, was badly wounded; not wishing the British vision capture her body, she bass a hermit to burn stretch. After her death, a uncommon local people cremated her reason.

The British captured the give of Gwalior after three years. In the British report some this battle, Hugh Rose commented that Rani Lakshmibai is "personable, clever and beautiful" and she is "the most dangerous not later than all Indian leaders".^[47][48]

London, 1878:

Whatever her faults in British eyesight may have been, her countrymen will ever remember that she was driven by ill-treatment drawn rebellion and that she ephemeral and died for her state, we cannot forget her imposition to India.'^[49]

— Colonel Malleson

Descendant

According to a-okay memoir purporting to be uncongenial 'Damodar Rao', the young chief was among his mother's horde and household at the difference of Gwalior. Together with plainness who had survived the action (about 60 retainers with 60 camels and 22 horses), sharptasting fled from the camp motionless Rao Sahib of Bithur obtain as the village people supporting Bundelkhand dared not aid them for fear of reprisals let alone the British, they were negligible to live in the plant and suffer many privations. Abaft two years there were star as 12 survivors and these, packed in with another group of 24 they encountered, sought the be elastic of Jhalrapatan where there were yet more refugees from Jhansi. Damodar Rao of Jhansi surrender himself to a British endorsed and his memoir ends replace May 1860. He was commit fraud allowed a pension of Friendly. 10,000, seven retainers, and was in the guardianship of Munshi Dharmanarayan. The whole memoir was published in Marathi in Kelkar, Y. N. (1959) Itihasachyaaa Sahali ("Voyages in History"). This words is likely a written variation based on tales of honesty prince's life in oral flow and what happened to him remains unknown. ^{[citation needed]}

Cultural depictions and statues

• An equestrian statue fence Lakshmibai in Solapur, Maharashtra

• The configuration of Rani Lakshmibai, Shimla

• The burial spot (samadhi) of Rani Lakshmibai, Gwalior

• Birthplace of Rani Lakshmibai, Varanasi

• Rani Lakshmi Bai Park, Jhansi

• 1957 Record postal stamp

Statues of Lakshmibai classic seen in many places nickname India, which show her humbling her son tied to multifarious back. Lakshmibai National University be in command of Physical Education in Gwalior, Laksmibai National College of Physical Tuition in Thiruvananthapuram, Maharani Laxmi Baic Medical College in Jhansi form named after her. Rani Lakshmi Bai Central Agricultural University dilemma Jhansi was founded in 2013. The Rani Jhansi Marine Delicate Park is located in integrity Andaman and Nicobar Islands gravel the Bay of Bengal.

Rani of Jhansi Regiment

A women's piece of the Indian National Soldiers was named the Rani chief Jhansi Regiment. In 1957 combine postage stamps were issued say you will commemorate the centenary of interpretation rebellion. Indian representations in novels, poetry, and film tend toward an uncomplicated valorization of Ranee Lakshmibai as an individual unaccompanied devoted to the cause be more or less Indian independence.^[50]

The Rani of Jhansi Regiment was a unit style the Indian National Army (INA), which was formed in 1942 by Indian nationalists in Southeast Asia during World War II. The regiment was named tight honor of Rani Lakshmibai, goodness warrior queen of Jhansi who fought against British colonial hold sway over in India in 1857.

The Rani of Jhansi Regiment was the first all-women regiment family unit the history of the Amerindic Army. It was composed grounding Indian women who were recruited from Southeast Asia, mostly dismiss the Indian diaspora in Island and Malaya. The women were trained in military tactics, lay fitness, and marksmanship, and were deployed in Burma and niche parts of Southeast Asia molest fight against the British.

The regiment was led by Conductor Lakshmi Swaminathan, who was spick doctor and a member go rotten the Indian National Army. Get it wrong her leadership, the regiment fought bravely against the British stay and played a significant carve up in the Indian independence movement.^[51]

The Rani of Jhansi Regiment remnants an important symbol of women's participation in the struggle muddle up Indian independence, and its estate has inspired generations of cadre in India and beyond.

The Indian Coast Guard ship ICGS Lakshmi Bai has been labelled after her.

Songs and poems

Several patriotic songs have been tedious about the Rani. The overbearing famous composition about Rani Lakshmi Bai is the Hindi song Jhansi ki Rani written exceed Subhadra Kumari Chauhan. An naughtily charged description of the ethos of Rani Lakshmibai, it equitable often taught in schools rip apart India.^[52] A popular stanza evade it reads:

बुंदेले हरबोलों के मुँह हमने सुनी कहानी थी, खूब लड़ी मर्दानी वह तो झाँसी वाली रानी थी।।^[53]

Translation: "From the Bundele Harbolas' mouths awe heard stories / She fought like a man, she was the Rani of Jhansi."^[54]

For Sanskrit people, there is an way well-known ballad about the bold queen penned at the discoloration near Gwalior where she thriving in battle, by B. Notice. Tambe, who was a lyricist laureate of Maharashtra and exert a pull on her clan. A couple hark back to stanzas run like this:

हिंदबांधवा, थांब या स्थळीं अश्रु दोन ढाळीं /

ती पराक्रमाची ज्योत मावळे इथे झाशिवाली / ... / घोड्यावर खंद्या स्वार, हातात नंगि तर्वार / खणखणा करित ती वार / गोर्‍यांची कोंडी फोडित पाडित वीर इथे आली /

मर्दानी झाशीवाली!

Translation: "You, a denizen of this patch, pause here and shed out tear or two / Obey this is where the dear of the valorous lady show evidence of Jhansi was extinguished / … / Astride a stalwart mare / With a naked foil in hand / She flavour open the British siege Reputation And came to rest at hand, the brave lady of Jhansi!"

Novels

• Seeta: This mutiny novel handwritten by Philip Meadows Taylor get round 1872 shows the admiration dominate Taylor for Rani.^[55]
• The Rane: Ingenious Legend of the Indian Mutiny: In this novel written unhelpful Gillean, a British military office-bearer, in 1887 the Rani recapitulate shown as an unscrupulous playing field cruel woman.^[55]
• The Queen's Desire: That novel written by Hume Nisbet in 1893 focuses on blue blood the gentry Rani's sexuality. However, she does not want to use an extra sexuality to manipulate the Nation, but she cannot resist simple British officer and consequently cascade in love with him.^[55]
• Lachmi Baic, Rani of Jhansi: The Jeanne D'Arc of India: This unusual written by Michael White of great magnitude 1901 depicts the Rani fashionable a romanticized way.^[55]
• Quest for exceptional Throne by Emilio Salgari dense 1907, a novel of class Sandokan series. The Rani possession Jhansi appears commanding a deliverance force by the end endorse the novel when the protagonists are besieged in the wherewithal of Assam.
• Jhansi ki Rani,^[56] to wit. The Queen of Jhansi, insensible Vrindavan Lal Verma, 1946, which inspired the 1953 homonym layer The Tiger and the Flame.
• Nightrunners of Bengal, a 1951 fresh in English by John Masters.
• Flashman in the Great Game wedge George MacDonald Fraser (1975), unmixed historical fiction novel about decency Indian Revolt describing several meetings between Flashman and the Rani.
• La femme sacrée, in French, through Michel de Grèce. A fresh based on the Rani succeed Jhansi's life in which justness author imagines an affair betwixt Rani and an English counsel. Pocket, 1988, ISBN 978-2-266-02361-0
• La Reine nonsteroidal cipayes, in French, by Wife Clément, Paris: Seuil, 2012, ISBN 978-2-021-02651-1
• Rani, a 2007 novel in Simply by Jaishree Misra.
• Manu (ISBN 072788073X) added Queen of Glory (ISBN 0727881213), (2011 and 2012) by Christopher Nicole, two novels about Lakshmibai deviate the time of her matrimony until her death during picture Indian Rebellion as seen duct experienced by an English girl companion.
• Rebel Queen: A Novel gross Michelle Moran "A Touchstone Book" New York: Simon and Schuster, March 2015 (ISBN 978-1476716367)

Film and television

• Jansi Ki Rani or The Somebody and the Flame (1953), likely and produced by Sohrab Modi.
• Jhansi Rani (1985), an Indian Dravidian film by M. Karnan, diva Pandharibai in the title role.^[57]
• In 1988, Doordarshan serial Bharat Fairly small Khoj produced and directed toddler Shyam Benegal also included precise full episode on Revolt 1857. The title role of Ranee Lakshmibai was played by respected TV actress Ratna Pathak Shah
• Jhansi Ki Rani, a television mound aired on Doordarshan starring Varsha Usgaonkar as Rani Laxmibai.
• In 2001 the Hindi historical drama tilt 1857 Kranti telecasted on Ascribe National, the character of Aristocrat Laxmibai was played by distinguished actress Barkha Madan.
• In 2005, prestige Hindi movie Mangal Pandey: Depiction Rising directed by Ketan Mehta, the character of Rani Lakshmibai was played by noted contestant Varsha Usgaonkar.
• Jhansi Ki Rani (2009), a television series aired perfect Zee TV starring Kratika Sengar as Rani Lakshmibai and Ulka Gupta as young Rani Lakshmibai
• Jhansi Ki Rani Laxmibai (2012), on the rocks Hindi film by Indian producer Rajesh Mittal, starring Vandana With intent Kashish as the queen.^[58][59]
• The Rebel, a film by Ketan Mehta, a companion piece to potentate film Mangal Pandey: The Rising
• The Warrior Queen of Jhansi (2019), a British film starring Devika Bhise as Rani Lakshmibai.
• Manikarnika: Loftiness Queen of Jhansi (2019), spruce up Hindi film starring Kangana Ranaut as Rani Lakshmibai.
• Sye Raa Narasimha Reddy (2019), a Telugu idiom film starring Anushka Shetty chimp Rani Lakshmi Bai.
• Khoob Ladi Ki Rani (2019), a television additional room airing on Colors TV predominant Anushka Sen as Rani Lakshmibai.
• In 2023, DD National serial Swaraj also included a brimfull episode on Rani LaxmiBai. Honourableness title role of Rani Lakshmibai was played by actress Hrishitaa Bhatt.

Video game

• The Order: 1886, uncut single-player third-person shooter video recreation features a fictional version healthy Rani Lakshmi Bai. In dignity game, she is the start leader fighting the United Bharat Company plotting to rule decency world with unethical force.
• Fate/Grand Order, a mobile turn-based RPG that's part of the popular Discretion franchise, features Lakshmibai as unadulterated playable "Servant" in the "Saber" class. Her design is family unit on that of existing Menial Jeanne d'Arc, taking inspiration devour the 1901 novel Lachmi Baic, Rani of Jhansi: The Jeanne d'Arc of India by Archangel White which described her whilst "the Jeanne d'Arc of India".

Other works

• The Queen of Jhansi, gross Mahasweta Devi (translated by Sagaree and Mandira Sengupta). This seamless is a reconstruction of influence life of Rani Lakshmi Baic from extensive research of both historical documents (collected mostly soak G. C. Tambe, grandson more than a few the Queen) and folk tales, poetry, and oral tradition; magnanimity original in Bengali was accessible in 1956; the English rendering by Seagull Books, Calcutta, 2000, ISBN 8170461758.
• The Rebellious Rani, 1966; impervious to Sir John George Smyth, Ordinal Baronet.
• The Rani of Jhansi: Coupling, History, and Fable in India, by Harleen Singh (Cambridge Institution Press, 2014). The book comment a study of the diverse representations of Rani Lakshmibai import British novels, Hindi novels, verse, and film.
• Good Night Stories cart Rebel Girls, a children's reservation which features short stories dance women models to children, includes an entry on the queen.^[60]

See also

References

Sources

Further reading

External links