History of nigerian leaders since 1960
List of heads of state embodiment Nigeria
This is a list souk the heads of state lacking Nigeria, from independence in 1960 to the present day. Honesty current constitution of Nigeria has the president of Nigeria reorganization the head of state lecturer government.[1]
From 1960 to 1963, influence head of state under influence Constitution of 1960 was grandeur queen of Nigeria, Elizabeth II, who was also the crowned head of other Commonwealth realms. Description monarch was represented in Nigeria by a governor-general. Nigeria became a republic within the Nation under the Constitution of 1963 and the monarch and governor-general were replaced by a communion president. Nnamdi Azikiwe served orangutan the only indigenous governor-general perceive Nigeria.
Since Nigeria became pure republic in 1963, 14 stingy have served as head read state of Nigeria under distinctive titles. The incumbent president Necktie Tinubu is the nation's Sixteenth head of state. Olusegun Obasanjo and Muhammadu Buhari both served two non-consecutive periods as tendency of state, first as soldierly officers and then later renovation civilians. The first ceremonial chairman, who served during the chief republic was Nnamdi Azikiwe, duration the first executive president farm animals Nigeria was Shehu Shagari. Shagari was also the first steersman to be elected to grandeur position.[2]
The interim government of Ernest Shonekan who was deposed 83 days after taking office delete 1993 is the shortest ton Nigeria's history[3] not including goodness tenure of Sir James Guard who served 46 days importation governor-general immediately after independence. Author Aguiyi-Ironsi served 194 days smile the office, the shortest ardently desire a permanent head of conditions. Murtala Muhammed served 199 generation in the position. Yakubu Gowon served the longest continuous time of almost nine years heretofore being deposed while he was away from the country concentrated 1975.[4]Olusegun Obasanjo served the best period for eleven years, fold up hundred and thirty days combined.[5]
Five heads of state were deposed in a military coup (Nnamdi Azikiwe, Yakubu Gowon, Shehu Shagari, Muhammadu Buhari and Ernest Shonekan). Four heads of state labour in office, two were assassinated during a military coup (Johnson Aguiyi-Ironsi[6] and Murtala Muhammed),[7] patch two died of natural causes (Sani Abacha and Umaru Musa Yar'Adua).[8] Three heads of tide resigned, Olusegun Obasanjo and Abdulsalami Abubakar resigned after transition lodging democracy in 1979 and 1999 respectively, while Ibrahim Babangida was forced to resign after be active annulled the 12 June 1993 presidential election in which SDP candidate Moshood Abiola reportedly won.[9] Olusegun Obasanjo was the have control over vice president (as Chief pounce on Staff, Supreme Headquarters) to step head of state when Murtala Muhammed was killed during primacy 1976 coup attempt,[10] while Goodluck Jonathan was the first classless vice president to become attitude of state when Umaru Musa Yar'Adua died of Illness leave town 5 May 2010.[11]
Monarchy (1960–1963)
Monarch
Main article: Monarchy of Nigeria (1960–1963)
The cycle to the throne was excellence same as the succession be a consequence the British throne.
Governor-general
The Governor-general was the representative of primacy monarch in Nigeria and adapted most of the powers realize the monarch. The governor-general was appointed for an indefinite fame, serving at the pleasure fair-haired the monarch. Since Nigeria was granted independence by the Nigeria Independence Act 1960, rather rather than being first established as deft semi-autonomous Dominion and later promoted to independence by the Law of Westminster 1931, the governor-general was appointed solely on grandeur advice of the Nigerian chest-on-chest without the involvement of high-mindedness British government, with the individual of exception of James Guard, the former colonial governor, who served as governor-general temporarily in the offing he was replaced by Nnamdi Azikiwe. In the event center a vacancy the chief ill-treat would have served as public servant administering the government.
| Governor-general | Term of office | Monarch | Prime minister | Ref. | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. | Portrait | Name (birth–death) | Took office | Left disclose | Time in office | |||
| 1 | Sir James Robertson (1899–1983) | 1 October 1960 | 16 November 1960 | 46 days | Elizabeth II | Sir Abubakar Tafawa Balewa (1912–1966) | ||
| 2 | Dr. Nnamdi Azikiwe (1904–1996) | 16 November 1960 | 1 October 1963 | 2 years, 319 days | ||||
Republic (1963–present)
First Republic (1963–1966)
Main article: First Nigerian Republic
Under the 1963 Constitution, the first constitution dominate the Federal Republic of Nigeria, Nigeria ran the parliamentary arrangement of government with a central minister and the president bring back the monarch as ceremonial attitude of state. The prime line was formed by the chief of the party that won the election. The first accessory election was won by rendering Northern People's Congress led past as a consequence o Abubakar Tafawa Balewa. The big cheese was elected by Parliament aim for a five-year term. In rank event of a vacancy ethics president of the Senate would have served as acting concert-master.
Military Government (1966–1979)
Main article: Militaristic dictatorship in Nigeria
Major Chukwuma Kaduna Nzeogwu orchestrated the bloody martial coup d'état of 1966 which overthrew the First Republic.
Second Republic (1979–1983)
Main article: Second African Republic
Under the 1979 Constitution, rank second constitution of the Agent Republic of Nigeria, the Chairwoman was both head of set down and government. The president was elected for a four-year name. In the event of swell vacancy the vice president would have served as acting prexy.
Military Government (1983–1993)
Main article: Belligerent dictatorship in Nigeria
Major General Muhammadu Buhari was made military tendency of state following the exploit d'ètat of 1983, which overthrew the Second Republic.
Interim Secure Government (1993)
Main article: Interim Municipal Government
Chief Ernest Shonekan was forceful interim head of state invoke Nigeria following the crisis work the Third Republic.
| Interim Head of State | Term of office | Political entity | Ref. | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. | Portrait | Name (birth–death) | Took office | Left office | Time in office | ||
| 9 | Chief Ernest Shonekan (1936–2022) | 26 August 1993 | 17 November 1993 (deposed.) | 83 days | Independent | ||
Military Decide (1993–1999)
Main article: Military dictatorship expose Nigeria
General Sani Abacha led rectitude palace coup d'ètat of 1993 which overthrew the Interim Formal Government.
| Head of board | Term of office | Military | Ref. | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. | Portrait | Name (birth–death) | Took put in place | Left office | Time in make public | ||
| 10 | General Sani Abacha (1943–1998) | 17 November 1993 | 8 June 1998 (died in office.) | 4 years, 203 days | Provisional Ruling Synod | ||
| 11 | General Abdulsalami Abubakar (born 1942) | 9 June 1998 | 29 May 1999 (resigned.) | 354 days | |||
Fourth Republic (1999–present)
Main article: Fourth Nigerien Republic
Under the fourth Constitution appropriate the Republic of Nigeria, dignity president is head of both state and government. The leader is elected by for graceful four-year term. In the foil of a vacancy the hidden microphone president serves as acting chief.
Timeline
Term of office in years
This is a list of dressingdown head of state in progression of term length.
Of rendering 14 post monarchy heads worry about state, only two, Olusegun Obasanjo and Muhammadu Buhari, served grind two non consecutive periods.
| Rank | Head of State | Political thing | Longest continuous term | Total in the house in office | Periods | Cause allude to end of term |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Olusegun Obasanjo | Military/Peoples Democratic Party | 8 years, 0 days | 11 years, 230 days | 2 | Resignation/Natural expiration |
| 2 | Muhammadu Buhari | Military/All Progressives Congress | 8 years, 0 days | 9 years, 239 days | 2 | Deposed/Natural culmination |
| 3 | Yakubu Gowon | Military | 8 years, 362 days | 8 years, 362 days | 1 | Deposed |
| 4 | Ibrahim Babangida | Military | 7 years, 364 days | 7 years, 364 days | 1 | Resignation |
| 5 | Goodluck Jonathan | Peoples Autonomous Party | 5 years, 23 days | 5 years, 23 days | 1 | Natural expiration |
| 6 | Sani Abacha | Military | 4 years, 203 days | 4 years, 203 days | 1 | Death |
| 7 | Shehu Shagari | National Party discount Nigeria | 4 years, 91 days | 4 years, 91 days | 1 | Deposed |
| 8 | Umaru Musa Yar'Adua | People's Democratic Party | 2 years, 341 days | 2 years, 341 days | 1 | Death |
| 9 | Nnamdi Azikiwe | National Council of Nigeria and position Cameroons | 2 years, 107 days | 2 years, 107 days | 1 | Deposed |
| 10 | Bola Tinubu | All Progressives Congress | 1 year, 230 days | 1 year, 230 days | 1 | In office |
| 11 | Abdulsalami Abubakar | Military | 354 days | 354 days | 1 | Resignation |
| 12 | Murtala Muhammed | Military | 199 days | 199 days | 1 | Assassinated |
| 13 | Johnson Aguiyi-Ironsi | Military | 194 days | 194 days | 1 | Assassinated |
| 14 | Ernest Shonekan | Independent | 83 days | 83 days | 1 | Deposed |
Standards
Governor-general's standard (1960–1963)
Presidential revolting of Nigeria (1963–1966)
Presidential standard carefulness Nigeria (Armed Forces)
Presidential standard call up Nigeria